Brazil Why We Fear The 20Th Century Essays - English-language Films

Brazil: Why We Fear The 20Th Century In the mid 1980's, a dream of oppressed world was lying in the brain of Terry Gilliam. That vision was his future film Brazil to be composed by Tom Stoppard, Charles McKeown, and himself. The film was shot in Wembley, England by Lee International Film Studios. In the wake of being a wonderful accomplishment during its discharge in Europe in 1984, Brazil had significantly more troubles with its discharge in the United States. Terry Gilliam had recently marked an agreement with Universal Studios for a normal 132-minute film. Brazil, as discharged in Europe was 142 minutes in length. All inclusive Studios accepted this open door to alter the film as they decided to make it an increasingly attractive film from their point of view. Shockingly for Terry Gilliam, this implied they would totally recreate the significance of the film. He immediately took to doing his own re-altering of the film to fit it in the brief essential and turned it over in January of 1985. When this was done, Universal Studios no longer reserved the privilege to change Gilliam's film and rather demanded not discharging it. Irritated by his work being put on the rack, Terry Gilliam took out a full-page commercial in Variety magazine with the words: Dear Sid Sheinberg, when are going to discharge my film 'BRAZIL'? Terry Gilliam. Despite the fact that this notice didn't get his film discharged it created a significant mix among the Los Angeles film pundits. Truth be told, they were so inquisitive about the film that the film was played secretly in their homes and getting incredible audits. The film did so well, that it wound up winning Best Picture, Best Screenplay, and Best Direction. With much hesitance and small publicizing, Universal Studios to discharged the film in December of 1985. (http:\home.sol.no~frittz) This last discharge is the thing that despite everything holds the aficionados of today. Each casing of the film is addressing its crowd about the issues encompassing the twentieth century and especially the late seventies and mid eighties. It can talk so well of the whole century on the grounds that the setting itself is muddled about when the occasions of the film are happening. In the initial grouping to the film, 8:49 pm (stop) some place in the twentieth century, shows up over the screen. The individuals are wearing 1930's designs utilizing innovations, some of which are past the extent of today, others of which are not dateable. They are maybe dreams of the 80's as a future from a prior time in the century. This utilization of innovation is only one of the issues being tended to in the film. There is a bounty of machines, devices and gadgets that are made with the possibility that they are intended to make the world simpler, more straightforward and increasingly amusing to live in. Be that as it may, most of these gadgets neglect to fill their need making things progressively jumbled and lumbering. This incorporates lifts that don't work, computerized espresso machines that pour the espresso in the wrong spot, morning timers that get 'stuck', scaled down estimated PCs with amplifying glasses for review, and above all to the principle character, Sam Lowry, warming conduits that don't work. Condos in the realm of Brazil are furnished with brought together atmosphere control conduits in the dividers. The dividers themselves are made out of boards to get to all the tubing experiencing the dividers every which way. To the mishap of Sam Lowry, his warming conduits go unfathomably cluster. At the point when he calls to have them fixed by the correct specialists, he is baffled to discover administration inaccessible and afterward, wasteful. Following incidents because of this breakdown lead to Sam Lowry's inevitable destruction. Brazil portrays how innovation isn't generally a positive thing. Indeed, even items and frameworks that are structured explicitly for our advantage can turn out to be more monotonous than helpful. Innovation isn't proportional to advance, however a significant part of the twentieth century has set that model. Industrialization in general is turning from its underlying objectives of obliging the developing populace to turning out to be something that is no longer inside human control. What's more, without human control, innovation loses its usefulness. Among one of the biggest developing innovations during the 1980s was the web. The film Brazil is intriguing in its method of introducing such a large number of various issues with one

Cutting Fluids and Lubrication in Manufacturing

Cutting Fluids and Lubrication in Manufacturing Significance Of Cutting Fluids And Lubrication In Manufacturing Processes 1. Presentation:- Cutting Fluids:- Cutting Fluid Management for Small Machining Operations iii Cutting liquids have been utilized widely in metal cutting activities throughout the previous 200 years. To start with, cutting liquids comprised of straightforward oils applied with brushes to grease up and cool the machine apparatus. Once in a while, grease, creature fat or whale oil was added to improve the oils lubricity. As cutting tasks turned out to be progressively extreme, cutting liquid details became increasingly unpredictable. Todays cutting liquids are unique mixes of synthetic added substances, oils and water figured to fulfill the exhibition needs of the metalworking business. There are presently a few sorts of cutting liquids available, the most well-known of which can be comprehensively ordered as cutting oils or water-miscible liquids. Water-miscible liquids, including dissolvable oils, synthetics and semisynthetics, are presently utilized in around 80 to 90 percent all things considered. Albeit straight cutting oils are less mainstream than they were previously, they are as yet the liquid of decision for certain metalworking applications. Cutting liquids assume a huge job in machining tasks and effect shop profitability, apparatus life and nature of work. With time and use, liquids debase in quality and inevitably require removal once their productivity is lost. Squander the executives and removal have gotten progressively increasingly mind boggling and costly. Ecological obligation is additionally a significant worry with squander removal. Numerous organizations are presently paying for natural cleanups or have been fined by administrative offices as the aftereffect of poor waste removal rehearses. Luckily, cutting liquid life might be broadened fundamentally by executing a viable liquid administration program. The essential target of liquid administration is to keep up liquid quality and execution through organization, checking, upkeep and reusing rehearses. This permits machine shops to make the most practical utilization of their liquid. It is additionally the best contamination counteraction innovation accessible. In general, liquid administration gives a way to: Work in an all the more naturally solid way; Improve efficiency and diminish costs; Increment seriousness; Keep up natural consistence and diminish ecological risk; Reliably make quality items; and Give a more advantageous and more secure workplace for representatives. Appropriate administration of cutting and granulating liquids may likewise keep them from being pronounced a dangerous waste toward the finish of their helpful life. With expanding ecological guideline, a decrease in cutting liquid waste is a conservative, commonsense and reachable objective. Cutting Fluids: (Lubricants + Coolants) Utilized in machining just as rough machining forms Diminishes erosion wear Diminish powers and vitality utilization Cools the cutting zone Wash away the chips Shield Machined surfaces from natural consumption  · The term â€Å"cutting fluids† is utilized to signify the coolants and greases that are utilized in metal machining and their unified tasks like lapping, sharpening and so forth. Slender divider processing of aluminum utilizing a water-put together slicing liquid with respect to the processing shaper. Cutting liquids are different liquids that are utilized in machining to cool and grease up the cutting instrument. There are different sorts of cutting liquids, which incorporate oils, oil-water emulsions, glues, gels, and fogs. They might be produced using oil distillates, creature fats, plant oils, or other crude fixings. Contingent upon setting and on which sort of cutting liquid is being thought of, it might be alluded to as cutting liquid, cutting oil, cutting compound, coolant, or grease. Each sort of machining (e.g., turning, drilling, boring, processing, proposing, granulating, sawing, forming, planing, reaming, tapping) can conceivably profit by one sort of cutting liquid or another, contingent upon work piece material. (Cast iron and metal are generally machined dry. Intruded on cuts, for example, processing with carbide cutters are normally prescribed to be utilized dry because of harm to the cutters brought about by thermo stun). 2. Cutting Fluid Characteristics Elements Of Cutting Fluid The essential capacity of slicing liquid is temperature control through cooling and oil. Utilization of cutting liquid additionally improves the nature of the workpiece by persistently expelling metal fines and cuttings from the apparatus and cutting zone. Cutting Fluid Management for Small Machining Operations 2 Temperature Control Lab tests have demonstrated that warmth delivered during machining has a clear bearing on device wear. Diminishing cutting-device temperature is significant since a little decrease in temperature will extraordinarily broaden cutting instrument life. As cutting liquid is applied during machining tasks, it evacuates heat via diverting it from the cutting instrument/workpiece interface . This cooling impact keeps devices from surpassing their basic temperature extend past which the instrument mellow and wears quickly . Liquids likewise grease up the cutting device or work piece interface, limiting the measure of warmth produced by contact. A liquids cooling and oil properties are basic in diminishing instrument wear and broadening device life. Cooling and oil are likewise significant in accomplishing the ideal size, finish and state of the work piece. Nobody specific liquid has cooling and grease properties reasonable for each metalworking application. Straight oils give the best grease yet poor cooling limits. Water, then again, is an viable cooling specialist, evacuating heat 2.5 occasions more quickly than oil. Alone, water is an exceptionally poor ointment and causes rusting. Dissolvable oils or synthetic compounds that improve oil, forestall consumption and give Other fundamental characteristics must be included request to change water into a decent metalworking liquid. Expulsion Of Cuttings And Particulates An optional capacity of metalworking liquid is to expel chips and metal fines from the instrument/workpiece interface. To keep a completed surface from getting damaged, cutting chips produced during machining activities must be constantly flushed away from the cutting zone. Use of cutting liquid additionally decreases the event of developed edge (BUE). BUE alludes to metal particulates which hold fast to the edge of a device during machining of certain metals. BUE development causes expanded grinding and adjusts the geometry of the machine device. This, thusly, influences workpiece quality, regularly bringing about a poor surface completion and irregularities in work piece size. Metalworking liquids decline the event of BUE by giving a substance interface between the machine device and work piece. Cutting Fluid Properties Notwithstanding giving a decent machining condition, a cutting liquid ought to likewise work securely and successfully during machining activities. Consumption Protection Cutting liquids must offer some level of consumption assurance. Newly slice ferrous metals will in general rust Quickly since any defensive coatings have been expelled by the machining activity. A decent Metalworking liquid will hinder rust development to stay away from harm to machine parts and the work piece. It will likewise give a defensive film on slicing chips to forestall their erosion and the development of Hard to-oversee pieces or clinkers. To hinder erosion, a liquid must forestall metal, dampness and oxygen from meeting up. Concoction metalworking liquids currently contain added substances which forestall consumption through arrangement of imperceptible, nonporous movies. Mixes, (for example, amines and unsaturated fats) which structure a defensive covering on a metals surface, blocking compound responses. Passivating films are framed by inorganic mixes containing oxygen, (for example, borates, phosphates and silicates). These mixes respond with the metal surface, creating a covering that represses erosion. The executives for Small 3 Cutting Fluid Strength/Rancidity Control In the beginning of the modern transformation, fat oil was utilized as a cutting liquid. Following a couple of days, grease oil would begin to ruin and emit a hostile scent. This rancidity was brought about by microbes and other minuscule living beings that developed and increased inside the oil. Present day metalworking liquids are defenseless to a similar issue. Regardless of how great the building characteristics of a coolant, in the event that it builds up a hostile scent, it can mess up the executives. The harmfulness of a liquid may likewise increment drastically in the event that it gets smelly because of compound disintegration, conceivably making the liquid become an unsafe waste. Liquid rancidity abbreviates liquid life and may prompt expanded expenses and administrative weights related with liquid removal. A decent cutting liquid opposes disintegration during its stockpiling and use. Most cutting liquids are currently detailed with bactericides and different added substances to control microbial development, upgrade liquid execution and improve liquid soundness. Straightforwardness And Viscosity In certain activities, liquid straightforwardness or lucidity might be an ideal trademark for a cutting liquid. Straightforward liquids permit administrators to see the workpiece all the more obviously during machining tasks. Consistency is a significant property as for liquid execution and upkeep. Lower consistency liquids permit coarseness and earth to settle out of suspension. Evacuation of these contaminants improves the nature of the liquid recycling through the machining framework. This can affect item quality, liquid life and machine shop profitability. Cutting Fluid Management for Small Machining Operations 4 3. Liquid Selection Oil-Based Fluids including straight oils, solvent oils and ag-based oils Compound Fluids including synthetics and semisynthetics Liquids change in appropriateness for metalworking tasks. Oil based cutting oils are much of the time utilized for dr

Topics For Your Two Sided Essay Topics

Topics For Your Two Sided Essay TopicsIf you are not sure where to begin with your research for two sided essay topics, there are many important steps that you can take before you begin. The first step is to determine exactly what type of topics you would like to write about.Writing a research paper or dissertation can be very difficult. It is usually best to start out by creating a list of topics that you are interested in. By creating a list of topics, you will be able to see if there is an interest within your area of interest.Once you have decided on the topic you wish to write about, you will need to choose a topic outline. When creating a topic outline, you should consider three main areas. The first area is the problem or question that you want to answer. The second area is the main point or idea that you want to build upon.The third area is the specific period of time within which you are writing your essay. The most important part of your topic outline is the problem or ques tion. The second most important is the period within which you are writing the essay.The problem or question should be within your topic area so that you can easily find it when you are writing your paper. Additionally, this should be the first section of your paper. This is the most important part of your topic outline.The second section of your paper should be in writing and should relate back to the problem or question. The work section should make reference to your previous essay. The third section should make reference to the period within which you are writing your essay. Your work section should be a collection of facts, figures, data, and opinions.Two sided essay topics will require you to find many different things within this work section. You will want to make a few lists that will be useful when you are composing your essay. In addition, you will want to make a copy of the data files you will need. This should be made before you begin writing your two sided essay.Once yo u have completed the essay topics for your two sided essay topics, you will need to compile the essay. Find several different versions of the same data file. Compile all of the different versions of the data and this should help you see where you are going with your research paper.

Business law - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2071 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Structure: Analysis, Legal rules and Application Introduction and General Analysis Abbey Limited has three directors, Jo, Keira and Lin who hold the shares equally. The main objective of the company is to import exotic fruit from Malaysia. To diversify, a subsidiary company, Baja Ltd was set up with equal shareholding to import dried fruits from Africa. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Business law" essay for you Create order Baja Ltd is in financial difficulties and its Board decided to turn down a contract from Zylo Ltd to import wooden bowls although Lin wanted to go ahead with it. Lin takes the contract over and sets up a small business without disclosing this to other directors. Baja Limitedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s auditors have told the directors that the company is in bad financial position and its creditors want Abbey Limited to pay its debts A company has a separate legal entity from its owner and has its own debts and liabilities and own property in its own name. As a consequence a subsidiaryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s debts and obligations are not generally being enforceable against its parent company. However, only in certain circumstances courts will be prepared to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“lift the veil of incorporationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [1] to establish who is hiding behind the legal personality of a company. Under the new proposals for à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Modernising Company Lawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  white paper whic h contains important proposal with regard to a contract which a company itself is unable to accept due to lack of resources for example, then a director may be able to take that contract personally for his own benefit. This allows directors to make full use of information, property etc which belong to the company for their own benefit without the consent of the shareholders and members provided they obtain the authorisation from the Board of Directors to do so. The important difference here which must be noted is, in case of private companies, the board of directors will have such powers to authorise a director to exploit a corporate opportunity like that unless it has been expressly denied in the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s constitution. On the other hand, in case of Public limited companies, the board of directors will not have such powers bestowed upon them as they need authorisation from the shareholders first unless a specific provision to authorise such transaction has been mad e in the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s constitution. 1. Baja Ltd is a creditor of a Subsidiary company of Abbey Ltd, who is in financial trouble does this makes the parent company liable for its debts? 2. Was the behaviour of other two directors prejudicial to her as a minority shareholder? 3. Can Lin be prevented from taking the contract rejected by the Company? 3. The procedure to remove a director The object clause of the company states, to import exotic fruits from Malaysia which is very specific to its business, therefore any acts beyond those set out in its object clause would be ultra vires. However, generally object clauses are drafted so widely which covers every possible business and activity a company may wish to carry out. Therefore, the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s decision to diversify in to import of dried fruit market is unlikely to be ultra vires. In addition to this under the new proposals[2] the doctrine of ultra vires does not exist. As a subsidi ary of Abbey Limited, Baja Limited will have a separate legal personality from it parent company. Thus the parent company, Abbey limited will not be liable for the debts and obligations of the subsidiary, Baja Limited, beyond the amount of the subsidiaryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s share capital. In this case, all directors hold equal share holding in Baja Limited and therefore their liability is limited to the amount of share capital of Baja Limited. However, this is based on an assumption that none of the directors have given any express guarantee or indemnity for Baja Limitedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s debts. If it can be established that one party, the Abbey Limited and its directors, are responsible for encouraging other party, its subsidiary, unlawfully to break its contract with the third party that is its creditors and not pay, then the Abbey Limited would be held liable to the third party, Baja Limitedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s creditors, for its damages arising out of the breach. Clearly compa ny has arranged its corporate structure in such a way as to limit its financial exposure. Under normal circumstances the parent company or the other subsidiary will not be liable for the debts of the other subsidiary with certain exceptions. The courts will only impose liability on parties involved in the contract other than the company itself, if it has a substantial proof of fraud. However, in Stoczina Gdanska SA V Latvian Shipping Co Others[3] there was no direct contractual relationship between the parent company and the third party therefore the claim was brought under tort. In à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“CMS Dolphin Ltd v Simonet[4] it was held by Lawrence Collins J that a director was liable for breach of fiduciary duty in diverting a business opportunity from his company although the director in question had left the company. However, even after leaving the company a directorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s fiduciary duties continue and therefore he may not divert business opportunities from the company or misuse information while he was acting as a director of his previous company. In this particular case the director took all the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s staff and its main clients with him and set up in business on his ownà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . It has been established in certain cases by the courts that a holding / parent companies with subsidiaries, were in fact carrying on business through the agency of their subsidiary companies. Although this was only found in a case where the business activities of those subsidiaries were closely controlled and directed by the subsidiary companies and therefore the latter can be considered as merely an agent carrying on that holding or parent companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s business. It should be noted that if a subsidiary company is acting as an agent of its parent company then it is likely that it may be liable for the same rights and liabilities of its holding company. However, no subsidiary company has been held responsible for its ho lding companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s debts. In Smith Stone and Knight Ltd (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“SSKà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ) v Birmingham Corporationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (BCà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ )[5] a subsidiary owned by SSK carried out a business activities from a piece of land owed by SSK. A compulsory purchase order was issued by BC. A compensation for loss of business was to be paid to the company and its owner. However, the subsidiary company did not own the land, BC refused to pay any compensation. It was held that the subsidiary company was an agent of SSK and therefore BC must pay compensation. Advice: 1) Baja Limited is a creditor of a subsidiary in which the company holds 100% shares. The Company holds 100% shares in Baja Limited the subsidiary company and you are the directors in both companies with equal shareholding, it is possible that the courts may decide to lift the corporate veil and impose liabilities for subsidiaries debt on you. This situation may occur especially if you ignore the warnings issued by the Auditors of Baja Limited that the company is in a very bad financial position and you carry on trading regardless. 2) Lin as a director of the company is in a fiduciary position and therefore must not make an undisclosed profit using her position as a director. The fact that she was only approached by Zylo Limited because of her position as a director of the company She must have disclosed this to other directors, Jo and Keira. The fact that Baja Limited was unable to take on the contract due to its ailing financial position and therefore could not obtain the benefit of that contract is immaterial. It would have been better to obtain consent from the company in a General meeting to take that contract and keep the profits before actually taking the contract. Furthermore, if Lin does take the contract and makes profit then she would have to account those profits to the company. In Boston Deep Sea Fishing Co v Ansell[6] A was one of the directors of B Co w as paid a commission on the contract by the shipbuilders. A was also a shareholder of an Ice company who was supplying ice to the B Co. A received a bonus when he employed Ice Company in respect of B Coà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s fishing smacks. It was held that A must account to B Co for the commission and the bonus he received although B co could not have received any bonus from the Ice company as it was not a shareholder in that company. Therefore, Jo and Keira may either prevent her from taking the contract by her stating that there is a conflict of interest[7] and that this must be recorded in the minutes in detail so that there is no suspicion of secret dealings. On the other hand, they could approve her involvement with Zylo Limited but insist that Lin must account to the Company Baja Limited any profits she makes as required by law. 3) The Articles of a company does not create a contract between the company and the directors. There is no information as to when company was inco rporated to determine how long Lin has been a director of the Company. Also there is no information as to whether there is any provision in the Articles with regards to her directorship or service contract, if any, or whether or not it has been renewed. Therefore, the provisions of section 319(6) may apply which means either party (the company or herself) on giving reasonable notice may terminate her employment. The question is, whether reasonable amount of notice has been given to her. Any director can be removed from their office by an ordinary resolution of the members.[8] Therefore, in order to remove Lin as a director of the company a resolution in general meeting with a simple majority is needed and this applies notwithstanding the contrary provisions in the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Articles. However, with a majority of votes, whether that majority is on a resolution for his own removal from the office[9] a director may become virtually irremovable. If on the other hand, a director with a service contract with the company but does not have majority vote on a resolution to remove him from the office may be entitled to a substantial compensation for loss of office. If a director is removed in such a way he or she may be entitled to compensation for unfair dismissal. The procedure for removal of a director is set in section 303 of the Act, which provides for an ordinary resolution, that is, by majority of votes in the general meeting a director can be removed from his or her office. However, if the directors are the major shareholders then the minority shareholders have very limited rights to object the way the majority directors are running the affairs of the company. If the director is removed from the office it terminates any service contract it may have with the company. The amount of damages the director may be able to claim usually depends up on the remuneration package under his contract with the company. It is not clear whether or not Lin, a s one of the director of the company, has a Directorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Service Contract. If she has then it depends how long her appointment as a director is to last. If say, for example her appointment is for 5 years, that is the maximum term without shareholders approval a director could have, then a set procedure as set out above needs to followed in order to remove her as a director of the Company. Bibliography and References 1. Business Law and Practice by Scott Slorach Jason Ellis published by Blackstone press. 2. Business Law by Stephen Judge, second edition published by Macmillan law masters. 3. Company Law, by Charles worth Morse 16th Edition published by Thomson, Sweet Maxwell. 4. Gower Daviesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Principles of Modern Company Law 7th Edition, by Paul L Davies published by Thomson, Sweet Maxwell 5. www. Nortonrose.com/articles 6. Department of Trade Industry web site: Modernising Company law White paper 1 Footnotes [1] Salmon v Salmon, 1897 [2] Proposed White paper on Company Law [3] 2001, 1 Lloyds Law Rep 537 [4] 2002 BCC 600 [5] [1939] 4 All ER 116, Gower and Daviesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Principles of Modern Company Law, 7th Edition, page 182 [6] 1888 ch D 339 CA, Company Law, by Charles worth Morse page 275-276 [7] Section 317 Companies Act 1985 [8] Section 303 Companies Act 1985: [9] See Bushell v Faith, 1970 AC 1099

Cultural Diversity Of The Republic Of Indonesia - 1865 Words

Within the cultural diversity of the Republic of Indonesia there are numerous artistic art forms that have surfaced throughout this country. These genres give outsiders a glimpse into the cultural and social context in which this society functions. Internationally this country is most recognized for its traditional music ensemble known as gamelan. This art form serves as a significant part of the artistic culture. It is used to accompany dances, puppet performances, rituals, and various ceremonies. Furthermore, gamelan has always been an important part of the social construct within the different provinces of Indonesia as it holds great recognition within its community. The different forms of gamelan throughout the country in many ways have served as its own version of the Gesamtkunstwerk within the culture of Indonesia and through provinces such as Bali we see how one of their own genres of gamelan became the genesis for Balinese artistic culture. Within the province of Bali, one of the most archaic genres within this region is known as Gambuh. Gambuh is the oldest known surviving performing dance-drama which dates back to the early sixteenth century during the Majapahit era under the influence from classical Hindu-Javanese court culture and performing arts. According to ethnomusicologist Emiko Susilo she stated, â€Å"When the dance-dramas of Majapahit came to Bali, they had the new task of preserving the tradition of a fallen dynasty.† This dance-drama portrayed lifeShow MoreRelatedBusiness Expansion in Indonesia1643 Words   |  7 Pageshave allowed instantaneous communication almost anywhere, and even poor women in India are using Smartphones to manage their banking portfolios. The idea of globalism continues to break down cultural barriers. As this continues it will be essential for organizations to not only understand, but embrace cultural differences and styles (Levin, 2008). 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Analysis Of The Movie Dracula Essay - 1191 Words

Driving Me Batty When someone mentions old school horror most people s thoughts go to some of the many horror movies from the 70 s and 80 s that are considered greatly as classics; however, does anyone ever think about the true originals from the beginning of the horror genre itself? I have always loved horror so I decided to explore deeper into what the real original classics were like. I was very eager to see what type of production went into the old horror films. I decided I would watch one of the original vampire movies: Nosferatsu 1922. The movie was adapted from the urban legends about vampires, along with, Bram Stoker s Novel: Dracula. I had never watched any horror movies as old as this one before and thought this would be an interesting new observation, especially seeing as Noferatsu is a silent film. I knew it would be very different from the other horror movies I had viewed in the past, but I did not expect what I noticed throughout the film. To shortly summarize what the movie was about here is simple plot description. Noseratsu was about a man named Hutter going to attempt to sell property to someone who lived in a castle, in the city of Transylvania. The man who lived in the castle was known as Count Orlok. On the way to the spooky looking castle, Hutter stayed at a small inn for the night and found a book about vampire lore. Vampires being called Noferatsus. Hutter was full of disbelief and found it quite humorous that there would be such aShow MoreRelatedFilm Adaptation Of Bram Stoker s Dracula1320 Words   |  6 Pagesfrightening tale of Count Dracula has struck horror into the hearts of many since it was originally penned. In 1987, Bram Stoker wrote the revolutionary tale Dracula that played off the fears of the people of the era. The plot and characters that make the novel great also translate nearly perfectly to cinematic adaptations. Starting in the early 1900’s, directors have done their best to portray the terror that the origina l novel inspired. Francis Ford Coppola’s Bram Stoker’s Dracula was released in 1992Read MoreHorror Movies Are All the same1163 Words   |  5 Pagesprevious movie. Society has paid to be entertained by these gruesome stories that we all truly fear. Before movies, people would purchase books of similar traumatic events to read in their spare time for amusement. It has been said by the Filmmakers IQs horror film lesson (2012), that writers such as Bram Stoker created graphic novels that would grab the audiences attention for years to come. But the horror movie, The House Of The Devil (1896), was noted as being the first ever horror movie. And asRead MoreThe Mystery Of Vampires From Folklore Tales1622 Words   |  7 Pagesvampires would be treasured through written masterpieces such as Polidori s The Vampyre, Penny Dreadful Varney the Vampire, and Sheridan Le Fanu s Carmilla. 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The 1972 film Blacula is one of the most culturally specific variations on the story of Dracula, and highlightsRead MoreA World Of True Blood And Twilight1349 Words   |  6 Pagesis easily accepted. However according to Christopher Craft and his work on â€Å"Gender and Inversion†, that conventional vampiric sexualization is more complex than perceived. Craft’s work outlines many of Bram Stoker’s theses throughout his novel Dracula. He states how there is a gender inversion within Stoker’s vampire; questioning conventional Victorian â€Å"gender codes† as the novel unravels. Focusing primarily on the gender paradigm, Craft surfaces arguments that would shatter beliefs of homophobicRead MoreThe Twilight Saga: Redefining the Vampire Essay837 Words   |  4 Pagesvampire a new image. The storyline consists of a girl named Bella who moves to a new town in Washington, and eventually meets a vampire named Edward Cullen, and they fall in love. 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Slasher Films and the Gender roles PG. 9 - 13 - 6. Comedy Horror PG. 13 - 16 - 7. Postmodernism and the Horror Film PG. 16 - 18 - 8. Case Study: Scream Vs. Scary Movie PG. 18 - 22 9. Conclusion PG. 23 Bibliography PG. 25 - 27 1. Abstract Page I have researched on the Horror genre, looking at when it begun, the decline in popularity it has foreseen and how it has been able to recreateRead MoreThe Little White Bird By J. M. A Brief1457 Words   |  6 Pagescreativity and death. Finding Neverland and The Aviators (Directed by M. Scorsese) are both historical biopics. The Aviator is about a seriously rich tycoon during the beginning of the 20th century. Both films are biopic however, as a viewer the Scorsese movie is felt to be more effective in convincing the audience that it is more likely a true story. Humans have a hard time believing in fairy-tales, magical lands, however, money and the story of it resonates as more truthful as it is what makes the worldRead MoreEssay on Buffy the Vampire Slayer5067 Words   |  21 PagesHelsing in Bram Stokers Dracula, who leads the young heroes into their quest to annihilate the Count, to Rupert Giles, the Watcher in Buffy the Vampire Slayer, older and more experienced adults have provided essential guidance for the younger protagonists of the genre. The differences in media of expression and the subsequent adaptations from novel to television series has not affected the presence of this character, more than a hun dred years after the publication of Dracula in 1897. What also unites

The struggle for personal identity Essay Example For Students

The struggle for personal identity Essay The struggle for personal identity Essay The topic I have chosen for my research essay is that of Personal Identity. We have come across this topic in many stories that we have done in the course. Different authors have handled this theme in a different way and by taking a look at this we will be able to see what personal identity means to people. The relationship between self and society is essentially confrontational and the battleground on which this struggle is fought by identity. Put simply, identity is the perception of self by others, challenged by the social world (Fontana Kotarba, 1984, pp. In The Wifes Story, the author Bharati Mukherjee looks at the theme of Personal Identity in respect to the Indian Culture. The main character in the story, Panna, leaves her family in order to get a Ph.D. This is seen when she says Ive made it. Im making something of my life. Ive left home, my husband, to get a Ph.D. in special Ed (Meyer, 1997, pp. 424) She is exposed to the Western world and is struggling between her Indian identity and the one of the Western World. She is trying really hard to position herself in this world. She wants to accept the American culture, but at the same time she does not want to lose her Indian ways of thinking. She does not want to follow the traditional customs where the wife stays at home and is either abused by the husband or by her in-laws. Pannas search for identity can also be seen when her husband comes to visit her from India. He does not like when she dresses up in western clothes and talks to other men. Panna does not approve of her husbands thinking, but she still wants to make him happy. With him she wants to pretend that nothing has changed. She knows that things have changed, but she wants to do everything to make him believe otherwise. Therefore she is struggling in the entire story. The next author whose work we are going to look at is James Joyce of Eveline. In this story the author has treated the theme of personal identity in respect to the love for families. In the following story, the main character, Eveline, comes from a family where the father is really dominant. Her mother has died and on the deathbed, Eveline promised her that she would take care of the family. In her mind, she thinks that the only reason she is staying with such her dominant father is because of the promise she made to her mother. She does not want to abandon her family. At the same time she is struggling to form a self identity. She gets a chance to go away from her family and form an identity of her own. She is confused about what to do. In the end she opts for her family knowing that they love her too and that is where she can be best identified. Kaluger (1984, pp. 261) says that during the identification phase, children generally respond to people whom they love or who possess some trait or power that they admire. Children gain a sense of security by identifying with an older person whom they love, in whom they have complete confidence and trust. Martin luther king jr. EssayBy looking at the above stories, it is seen that the main characters are in the process of searching for their personal identity. They all are in search of themselves and are very confused and struggling. They want to achieve there goals, no matter what comes in their way. By looking at the different stories it can be seen that for one to gain the true identity, he or she not only has to face the society but themselves too. If they can accept who they really are and overcome their fears rather than pretending to be someone else or running away from their fears, they can find their personal identity. ReferencesFontana, Andrea, Kortarba, Joseph A. (1984) The Existential Self In Society. London: The University of Chicago Press, pp. 11. Kaluger, George, Kaluger Meriem F. (1984) Human Development The Span of Life. Columbus: Merrill Publishing Company, pp. 261. Meyer, Bruce. (1997). The Stories- Contemporary Short Fiction Written in English. Scaroborough: Prentice-Hall Canada Inc, 301-305, 421-443.

Reiters Syndome Essays - Feminism, British People, Womens Rights

Reiters Syndome Equal Rights for Women During the nineteenth century, the women suffrage movement was coming out full force to demand the equal rights of women in the United States and Europe. The women who supported the womens suffrage adapted a Declaration of Principles that simply stated that, We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal (Perry, 1995, p.194). The women suffrage movement not only was striving for equal rights of women but also for voting privileges. Mary Wollstonecrafts protested against the self-abasement of women to men. In the Vindication of the Rights of Woman, Wollstonecraft emphasized that a well-schooled, dependable, and powerful woman would be useful in society and able to manage a family. Women should be allowed to practice medicine as a physician, or manage a store where they can hold their heads high instead wasting their life away. In the writings of John Stuart Mill, he supported women s rights in The Subjection of Women. He believed that males abused th eir power over women, and sought to have women partake in political affairs. After women decided they were getting no where with simple demonstrations they decided to use some militant strategies by disrupting political meetings and enforcing hunger strikes lead by Emmeline Pankhurst. Finally, in 1920 women were allowed to vote in the United States. Women in the 20th century have come along way, although they will always be fighting for the equal rights of women. Men still make a larger salary than most women do and they become higher executives. Women are now allowed to vote and have as good an education as a male. With this education women are becoming physicians and political figures in todays society. Women can now hold their heads up high and be proud of who and what they are. Medicine Essays

Great Britain Geography, History, and Economy Facts

Great Britain Geography, History, and Economy Facts Great Britain is an island located within the British Isles and it is the ninth largest island in the world and the largest in Europe. It is located to the northwest of continental Europe and it is home to the United Kingdom which includes Scotland, England, Wales and Northern Ireland (not actually on the island of Great Britain). Great Britain has a total area of 88,745 square miles (229,848 sq km) and a population of about 65 million people (2016 estimate). The island of Great Britain is known for the global city of London, England as well as smaller cities like Edinburgh, Scotland. In addition, Great Britain is known for its history, historic architecture and natural environment. Over 500,000 Years of History The island of Great Britain has been inhabited by early humans for at least 500,000 years. It is believed that these humans crossed a land bridge from continental Europe at that time. Modern humans have been in Great Britain for about 30,000 years and until the about 12,000 years ago archeological evidence shows that they moved back and forth between the island and continental Europe via a land bridge. This land bridge closed and Great Britain became an island at the end of the last glaciation. A History of Invasions Throughout its modern human history, Great Britain was invaded several times. For example in 55 B.C.E., the Romans invaded the region and it became a part of the Roman Empire. The island was also controlled by various tribes and was invaded several times. In 1066 the island was a part of the Norman Conquest and this began the cultural and political development of the area. Throughout the decades following the Norman Conquest, Great Britain was ruled by several different kings and queens and it was also a part of several different treaties between the countries on the island. About the Name Britain The use of the name Britain dates back to the time of Aristotle, however, the term Great Britain was not officially used until 1474 when a marriage proposal between Edward IV of Englands daughter, Cecily, and James IV of Scotland was written. Today the term is used to specifically refer to the largest island within the United Kingdom or to the unit of England, Scotland, and Wales. What Great Britain Encapsulates Today Today in terms of its politics the name Great Britain refers to England, Scotland and Wales because they are on the United Kingdoms largest island. In addition, Great Britain also includes the outlying areas of Isle of Wight, Anglesey, the Isles of Scilly, the Hebrides and the remote island groups of Orkney and Shetland. These outlying areas are considered a part of Great Britain because they are parts of England, Scotland or Wales. Where Is Great Britain on a Map? Great Britain is located to the northwest of continental Europe and east of Ireland. The North Sea and the English Channel separate it from Europe, however, the Channel Tunnel, the longest undersea rail tunnel in the world, connects it with continental Europe. The topography of Great Britain consists mainly of low gently rolling hills in the eastern and southern portions of the island and hills and low mountains in the western and northern regions. The Regions Climate The climate of Great Britain is temperate and it is moderated by the Gulf Stream. The region is known for being cool and cloudy during the winter and the western parts of the island are windy and rainy because they are more influenced by the ocean. The eastern parts are drier and less windy. London, the largest city on the island, has an average January low temperature of 36 F (2.4 C) and a July average temperature of 73 F (23 C). Fauna and Animal Species Despite its large size, the island of Great Britain has a small amount of fauna. This is because it has been rapidly industrialized in recent decades and this has caused habitat destruction across the island. As a result, there are very few large mammal species in Great Britain and rodents like squirrels, mice and beaver make up 40% of the mammal species there. In terms of Great Britains flora, there is a large variety of trees and 1,500 species of wildflower. Population and Ethnic Groups Great Britain has a population of about 60 million people (2009 estimate) and a population density of 717 persons per square mile (277 persons per square kilometer). The main ethnic group of Great Britain is British - particularly those who are Cornish, English, Scottish or Welsh. The Main Cities There are several large cities on the island of Great Britain but the largest is London, the capital of England and the United Kingdom. Other large cities include Birmingham, Bristol, Glasgow, Edinburgh, Leeds, Liverpool and Manchester. About the Economy Great Britains United Kingdom has the third largest economy in Europe. The majority of the UKs and Great Britains economy is within the service and industrial sectors but there is also ​a  small amount of agriculture. The main industries are machine tools, electric power equipment, automation equipment, railroad equipment, shipbuilding, aircraft, motor vehicles, electronics and communications equipment, metals, chemicals, coal, petroleum, paper products, food processing, textiles, and clothing. Agricultural products include are cereals, oilseed, potatoes, vegetables cattle, sheep, poultry, and fish.

Marketing Strategy TOTAL INTEGRATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing Strategy TOTAL INTEGRATION - Essay Example Piercy places great emphasis on the brand identity of the company in integrating marketing and communication campaigns. Total integration involves; Today Primark has established itself as one of the competitive retail store chain in UK, Ireland and Spain with a total of 173 retail outlets at strategic locations. Employing more than 25000 people the company has been in value clothing for well over 35 years and has also been voted as 'Best Value High Street Fashion' by GMTV and ITV viewers1. This study is an effort to look into the practical implementation of the theoretical aspects relating to marketing strategies, HR support, marketing communication, brand equity proposition, strategic alliance etc. which have been instrumental in the success of Primark. To evaluate the strategies adopted by Primark, while using various tools like Porter's five forces analysis, SWOT, PEST, Ansoff Matrix etc. an effort would also be made to compare the performance of Primark with some other retail companies like Topshop, Prada, Asda, Tesco etc. and how Primark has been able to beat the competition. One of the key weapons in the armoury of Primar k has been its ability to come out with items at rates cheaper than the rivals. It will be quite interesting to learn how the company has been able to come out with such lower prices. ... and how Primark has been able to beat the competition. One of the key weapons in the armoury of Primark has been its ability to come out with items at rates cheaper than the rivals. It will be quite interesting to learn how the company has been able to come out with such lower prices. Retail business is at the base of running a retail store, trying to earn the loyalty of customers, while at the same time trying to grab attention of newer customers. Piercy (2001) has also pointed out the desires of many company executives some of the issues as prerequisite towards being more customer friendly. The issues pointed out are like; Value of the product or service in achieving a successful strategy in taking on the competition. This is also concerned with customer relationship management. Mele and Colurci (2006) provide distinctive paradigms for value as such. It is stated that the term 'value' can be defined in different ways according to the adopted perspective of analysis; it is possible to determine a 'customer value', a 'firm value' and a 'stakeholder value'. Online presence of the companies to cater to customers spread across a larger area and keeping in mind the convenience of the customer Total integration of company's resources and capabilities to deliver a product which is able to fulfil the needs of customer. Consideration of effective planning, strategizing and creativity as the key to come out with effective performance. From the strategic planning point of view, competitor analysis is very important for any company's long-term survival (Kotler, 1972). The first step towards such an analysis begins by identifying the strengths and

People are more knowledgeable today and therefore have more Essay

People are more knowledgeable today and therefore have more opportunities and choices than they had in the past, do you agree - Essay Example Due to change people now have more opportunities and choices than they had in the past. In society knowledge is produced and disseminated; knowledge has caused change in society making a development in various institutions in society, a good example is the development of medicine, there has been a shift from traditional cure to scientific discovery of medicine to cure various illnesses, there has been increased knowledge in that people can now self diagnosis, improvement in over the years, in the example given the example on a patient who is ill in the year 2000 BC the medicine will come from a certain tree or root, in the year 1000 AD the patient would be asked to recite a certain prayer, in the year 1850 AD the patient would be advised to drink a certain potion and lately in the world we are in today the patient will be asked to take a certain pill. Therefore in the world we are today we can say we are in a better position than we were in the past. Still in the medicine part, today we are in a position to choose from various medicines to cure certain illnesses, there is also the development of health institutions which is now improved to offer better health care and the training of doctors has led to development of educational institutions to train the doctors. All these have led to creation of more and complex institutions which have led to creation of more opportunities and choices. Religious knowledge is defined as knowledge based on beliefs, over the years this knowledge has been passed on to many people in the world, these is made possible by the development of science, the bible is now published and available to all unlike in the past, the improvement of modes of communication especially the mass media has made it easier for the dissemination of these knowledge. There are now many churches and denominations and people have now many choices, the improvement of this institution over the years. The emergence of religious leaders and increased belief in religion has led to change in society leading to a better society despite critics by Karl Marx that religion was an institution that legitimized capitalism and that religion led to a state of false consciousness. An improvement in environmental conservation knowledge has led to development of environmental conservation movements and institutions to improve on environmental degradation. In the past environmental degradation was not accounted for but in the present times there has been increased efforts to improve and conserve the environment, pollution has increased over the years due to improvement in science on sources of energy especially fossil fuels, in the present there is increased knowledge on environmental degradation and people are now looking for alternative sources of energy that are less pollutants. The sensitization of the deterioration of the ozone layer by the media has led to more conservative measures. The source of this knowledge is the development of science and technology, people in the present are have more knowledge than in the past, and these improvement has led to a better society that has more opportunities and choices. An example is the improvement o

German Essays Enlightenment and Religious Tolerance

German Essays Enlightenment and Religious Tolerance Enlightenment and Religious Tolerance in Gotthold Ephraim Lessings Die Juden and Nathan der Weise. Because of the impact of the intellectual revolution, the eighteenth century is frequently referred to as the Age of Reason. More specifically, the term Enlightenment is used because a major feature of this era was the minds emphasis on using rationality as a framework within which to view major philosophical issues. According to Benson and DiYanni, the Enlightenment continued an emphasis on secular concerns that began during the Renaissance and continued with the rise of scientific and philosophical thought during the seventeenth century (2005: 397). During this epoch, superstition came to be replaced with logical thought and analysis. These influences can be seen in the works of Gotthold Ephraim Lessing. Lessing is considered by many to be a major representative of the Enlightenment Era. He was well known as a dramatist, critic, and philosopher during this time frame in Germany, and his works remain popular and influential even in contemporary times. In terms of religious tolerance, Lessings philosophies are perhaps best represented by two of his dramatic pieces, Nathan der Weise, or Nathan the Wise, and Die Juden, or The Jews. According to one scholar, these two plays by Lessing are instructive examples that demonstrate, when read in light of the historical specificity of their context, the force of critical thinking that drove Lessing (Goetschel 2003: 63). Lessings impact is still felt today. According to Garland, The Jews had shown [Lessings] deep antipathy to the unreasonable hatred directed against that people (1962: 191). In the eighteenth century, the ideas introduced by the Enlightenment had far-reaching effects on Western society. In fact, many of those ideas remain influential to this day. Formerly, much of Europe had been plagued by archaic prejudices towards those whose religious faith was considered to be a minority. This theme is nowhere more evident than in Lessings plays, Nathan the Wise and The Jews According to Goetschel, both of these works are evidence of Lessings critical concern to rethink both the claims of Christianity and the groundwork of modern national identity (2003: 63). Gotthold Ephraim Lessing was born in the quiet country town of Kamenz. His father, Johann Gottfried Lessing, was an educated man, but he was not wealthy. He worked as an assistant pastor in Kamenz It was from him that the younger Lessing got his love of books, something that would last throughout his life. Lessing attended the University of Leipzig. Leipzig was a new world for the young man. It was far different from Kamenz. In fact, it was sometimes known as Little Paris because of the level of sophistication that existed there (Garland 1962: 7). Lessings early literary works included Damon and The Young Scholar Neither of these works gave any indication that Lessing would eventually come to be known as the father of German literature, although The Young Scholar enjoyed a brief spate of popularity on the stage. During his youth, Lessing exhibited a tendency to rebel against the status quo. This became particularly clear during his college days. Correspondence between him and his parents shows evidence of a young man of great curiosity, and one for whom a tried and true path would not suffice. His parents wished the best for him, naturally: a steady career that would bring him stability and a modest amount of comfort. It was also hoped that Lessing, as the eldest, would establish himself in order to contribute to the education of his younger siblings. However, this was not the path that Lessing chose to follow. His adventurous spirit, combined with his youth, and the atmosphere of Leipzig, all combined to determine a path that would veer from his parents wishes. These experiences led him to become a thinker and writer who was ahead of his time, as well as one of the finest minds of the German Enlightenment. Lessings Plays: Nathan the Wise and The Jews. In many ways, Nathan the Wise can be considered a play that was ahead of its time. According to Wilms, this play is canonized not just in German literature, but also in the liberal Enlightenment reception of that literature and its tradition (2002: 306). The central theme is the concept of brotherhood among mankind. Through the vehicle of drama, Lessing puts forth the message that people should be able to exist in harmony despite their religious denomination or group affiliation. For example, it should not matter whether one is a Jew, a Christian, or a Muslim; people should respect each other and coexist peacefully no matter what religious affiliations they have. Lessings primary message in Nathan the Wise is that the main consideration should be the value of individuals as human beings, and that group membership is secondary to this. This is the concept that the character of Nathan proposes. The role of money in this play merits some attention. Lessing uses money as a prop and as a theme. It is an integral part of the discourse of the play. According to Graham, from the first moiment of the pla we are never allowed to forget Nathans association with money and the desirable goods that money can buy (1973: 179). Money, and the power of money, are apparently very important to Lessing here. It is also significant to note that Nathan is rarely the recipient of money. He is rather, the giver. The suggestion that Nathan is wise may play a role here. This may be yet another way in which Lessing underscores the value of giving rather than receiving. As Graham notes, the religious impulse of surrendering the grateful self to the giver of life reverberates in every one of these situations, in varying degreees of consciousness, and in every instance soemthing of the same release of love is experienced and communicated (1973: 185). It can be said that the true villain of Lessings play is the insidious hatred that is passed down from one generation to the next. This hatred is a complex mixture of mistrust and ignorance and is so deeply ingrained in people that often it remains unquestioned, simply a part of life. Nathan the Wise is often considered a vehicle in which Lessings theological beliefs are given voice. Lessing believed in freedom of thought and was a serious student of theology. In some ways, it appears that Nathan the Wise is a mixture of various theological ideologies, many of which also appear in Lessings Erziehung des Menschengeschlechts, or Education of the Human Race, which was published in 1780. According to Wilms, in Nathan the Wise, rationality successfully overcomes a series of obstacles and works its way into a traditional Lebenswelt dominated by prejudice that does not shy away from murder and even genocide (2002: 306). The triumph of rationality here is a central theme of Lessings work. He takes on the traditional themes of religious dogma in this play and shows how individuals can take a rational approach to them The title of the play refers to the main character, Nathan. The play takes place in Jerusalem, where Nathan lives as a prosperous Jew. The time frame is in the twelfth century. In the play, it is significant that Nathan adopts an orphan. The orphan happens to be Christian, but this does not matter to Nathan, who simply takes her into his home because she was the daughter of a friend. Immediately we see that Nathan is the kind of character to rise above petty details, and to act in the interests of humanity above all else.   Considering the time and setting, this is certainly no ordinary act. Tension builds, however, when a suitor comes into the picture. Nathan is aware of the inherent danger in this situation. Should the identity of his adoptive daughter be made known, the results would most undoubtedly be tragic for all involved. This use of hidden identity was common in the literary works of Lessings time, and it is used quite effectively in this play. Ultimately, Lessings message in Nathan the Wise is that humanity is far more important than religious affiliation. Lessing asserts that the worth of people should not based on what religion individuals are born into, or on blood relations, but rather on the very fact that they are human. According to Garland, anti-Semitism had lessened somewhat, but was still considered widespread during the period of time in which Lessing was writing. The theme of the play is that people cannot be judged by their religious affiliations. The plot of the play is simple, ostensibly to allow the theme to stand out. The character of the Baron is clearly full of strong anti-Semitic prejudices. Therefore, when he is attacked by robbers, he immediately concludes that the perpetrators were of the Jewish persuasion, in keeping with his beliefs. It is of course ironic that the attackers are found to be Christian. Furthermore, they are employees of the Baron himself. As for the noble Stranger who rescues the Baron, he is revealed to be Jewish himself. This puts the Baron in a rather awkward situation, as he has promised the hand of his daughter to The Stranger in return for his gallantry. Of course, once the Stranger has identified himself as a Jew, the wedding is now unthinkable. According to Garland, Lessings interest is clearly centered on the serious aspects of the play The moral is pointed not only by the action, but is also underlined by frequent passages of dialogue (1962: 111). Here, as in Nathan the Wise, Lessing effectively uses the tactic of the hidden identity to elucidate his point. Once again, the message is that humanity is far more important than religious affiliation. In The Jews, Lessing asserts again that the worth of people should not be based on what religion individuals are born into This is quite apparent when it turns out that the Barons attackers are in fact the very servants on whom he relies. The person who saves him, The Stranger, turns out to be a Jew himself, which adds to the irony. Lessings attitude to orthodoxy is rather complex. Much of his beliefs in his early life were strongly influenced by his friend, the freethinker Mylius. Mylius befriended him in Leipzig. Several years older, Mylius had a great deal of influence on his young protà ©gà © In a letter to his father, written when he was twenty years old, we can see the evolution of the young Lessings thoughts about religion: Time will prove whether he is the better Christian, who has the principles of Christian doctrine in his memory, and on his lips, often without understanding them, who goes to church and observes all the practices (of religion) just because they are customary; or he who has once prudently doubted and has reached conviction by the path of investigation, or at an rate strives to reach it. The Christian religion is not a thing which one should accept on trust from ones parents (quoted in Garland 1962: 151). Seeds of unrest and a pull towards independent thinking are apparent even at this early stage in Lessings development. We can already see this tendency to be skeptical of church-goers whose actions are at odds with their stated beliefs. As stated earlier, anti-Semitism was somewhat less pronounced during this period, although it still clearly existed. The idea that people should not be judged by their religious affiliations seems to have already taken hold in Lessings young mind. According to Garland, Lessing was struck by the obvious divergence between the doctrine of Christ and the mode of life of many of those who passed as Christians (1962: 152). He was very much aware of the hypocrisy inherent in many who claimed to be Christians. Even as a young man, he was easily incensed by intolerance towards religious practices. He seemed to have little respect for orthodox theologies that had little room for the beliefs of others. In the eighteenth century, as discussed earlier, the ideas introduced by the Enlightenment had far-reaching effects on Western society. In fact, many of those ideas remain influential to this day. Formerly, much of Europe had been plagued by archaic prejudices towards those whose religious faith was considered to be a minority. Conclusion The period of the Enlightenment in Europe signaled a change in thinking. As representative pieces, these two plays by Lessing are examples of these new attitudes towards religion. Because of the impact of the intellectual revolution, the eighteenth century is frequently referred to as the Age of Reason. More specifically, the term Enlightenment is used because a major feature of this era was the minds emphasis on using rationality as a framework within which to view major philosophical issues. During this epoch, superstition came to be replaced with logical thought and analysis. These influences can be seen in the works of Gotthold Ephraim Lessing. A recurring theme in the works of Lessing is the concept of brotherhood among mankind. Through the vehicle of drama, Lessing puts forth the idea that people should be able to exist in harmony despite their religious denomination or group affiliation. Whether one is Christian, Muslim, or Jew, is irrelevant Ones connection to a particular religious group should not affect the basic respect that people should feel for one another. People of different faiths and beliefs should respect each other and coexist peacefully no matter what religious affiliations they have. Lessings primary message in Nathan the Wise is that the main consideration should be the value of individuals as human beings, and that group membership is secondary to this. This is the concept that the character of Nathan proposes. This message is also present in The Jews Here, as in Nathan the Wise, Lessing once again makes it clear that humanity is far more important than religious affiliation. In The Jews, Lessing asserts again that the value of a person should be independent of what religion that person is born into. This is quite apparent when it turns out that the Barons attackers are in fact the very servants on whom he relies. The person who saves him, The Stranger, turns out to be a Jew himself, which adds to the irony. Lessing, as we have seen, is considered by many to be a major representative of the Enlightenment Era. He was well known as a dramatist, critic, and philosopher during this time frame in Germany. The fact that his works remain popular and influential even in contemporary times is a testament to his ongoing influence. In terms of religious tolerance, Lessings philosophies are perhaps best represented by these two dramatic pieces Each of these works is an example of the critical and independent thinking that drove Lessing from his early days at university in Leipzig and throughout his life. Lessings impact is still felt today. As discussed above, the ideas brought to the fore in the eighteenth century had a tremendous impact on Western society. The concepts introduced during the stage known as the Enlightenment had far-reaching effects. In fact, many of these ideas remain influential to this day. Many of the prejudices that had been formulated regarding religious affiliations were analyzed and found to be wanting. This theme is nowhere more evident than in Lessings plays, Nathan the Wise and The Jews. Lessings messages in both of these plays call into question both the claims of Christianity and the significance of the underlying national identity. Many people consider Lessing to be a major representative of the Period of Enlightenment in Germany. His influence is felt in many spheres: he was well known as a dramatist, critic, and philosopher during this epoch, and his works remain popular and influential even in contemporary times. In terms of religious tolerance, Lessings philosophies are perhaps best represented by two of his dramatic pieces, Nathan der Weise, or Nathan the Wise, and Die Juden, or The Jews In each of these plays, Lessing makes clear his belief that people should not be judged by their religious affiliations. In Nathan the Wise, we find a complex mix of ideologies. These same ideologies are present in The Jews, although to a lesser extent. It can be said that the true villain in each of these plays is the insidious hatred that is passed down from one generation to the next. Lessing portrays this hatred as a complex mixture of mistrust and ignorance that is so deeply ingrained in people that often it remains unquestioned. Both Nathan the Wise and The Jews can be considered vehicles in which Lessings theological beliefs are given voice. In the eighteenth century, the ideas introduced by the Enlightenment had far-reaching effects on Western society, and those effects are elucidated in these dramatic works. Much of Europe had been riddled with archaic prejudices towards those whose religious faith was considered to be a minority. Lessing focuses on these prejudices in an effective dramatic format. In terms of religious tolerance, Lessings philosophies are strongly represented by these two dra matic pieces. In the eighteenth century, the ideas introduced by the Enlightenment had far-reaching effects on Western society. In fact, many of those ideas remain influential to this day. For readers today, these works continue to have an impact. Both of these plays offer a close look at the evolving attitudes towards religion and society of that era.

Essay --

Teresa Devlin 12 February 2014 PSY2012L The research article that I read was about the relationship between the use of technology in children and how their creativity level increases as a result of using different types of technological devices. This research was done by measuring the child’s level of creativity after using different types of electronic devices based on Torrance’s test of creative thinking, which is said by many researchers to be the best and most accurate way to measure creativity in children. The hypothesis of the study was that one of the four electronic devices would cause for a greater level of creativity. The four devices that were used in this study were computers, the Internet, video games, and cell phones. The researchers were very drawn to the fact that many children played video games and that video games are a part of many children’s every day activity. The study was conducted with almost five hundred 12 year-old children. The gender ratio was about half female and half ma le. The ratio of the racial backgrounds was about 70% Caucasian and 30% African American. The study was set up so the participants had two stimuli to respond to, which were pictures of an elf and an egg. The participants were to respond to the stimuli in the form of questions about what they thought of the pictures, to list what they thought was happening in the picture, and the possibilities of what they think might happen next in the picture. They were also asked what their favorite video game was. The independent variable, or the variable being changed, was the use of the four devices. The dependent variable, or the variable that is being measured, was the level of creativity after using the device. The research was conducted o... ...o become creative so you should go out and buy your child a video game if you want them to become more creative. That is why causal conclusions cannot be made in this correlational study. I think that another explanation of why children that play video games scored higher on the creative thinking tests is because video games open you into a new world. I think that they open your imagination and allow you to think like you never have before because of the things that video games portray such as outer space, different worlds, and things that are impossible for us humans to psychically do like turn into a fire-breathing dragon. I think that with children being able to open up their imagination it allows for a greater level of creativity. Works Cited Snider, Mike. "Research: Video Games Help with Creativity in Boys and Girls." USA Today 02 Nov. 2011: n. pag. Print

Learning and Memory.An introduction to theories of learning Essay

Learning and Memory Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cleaning the room is the target behaviour in Bobby’s case. Mr. Kelly tries to keep on reminding his eight year old child to clean his room but it is always in vain. Since Mr. Kelly needs help in increasing the frequency of his child cleaning his room it could be assumed that bobby is trained and knows how to clean his room. The possible reason as to why he keeps on refraining from this task is however unclear.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Operant conditioning is a method of learning that incorporates acquisition of behaviour and facing the consequences of the behaviour. In this type of learning rewards are given to the learner either to encourage or discourage future repetition of the same behaviour (Olson & Hergenhahn, 2013). Operant conditioning can be used to encourage Bobby in cleaning up his room. Through the various components of operant conditioning Mr. Kelly can apply to encourage Bobby clean his room. Operant conditioning has two major concepts, reinforcement and punishment, which could be used in different ways to encourage bobby to clean his room.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Reinforcement involves using reward that would otherwise increase the chances of bobby cleaning his room more often. Mr. Kelly could use various rewards such as giving bobby time to watch T.V, buying little gifts that are issued each time bobby cleans his room. Such motivating factors will encourage bobby to clean up his room. Reinforcement is of two types, positive and negative reinforcement, both ways can be capitalised in changing the behaviour of bobby. In positive reinforcement for instance Mr. Kelly needs to look for items such as toys or bars of chocolate, preferably Mr. Kelly could choose some of the items bobby loves most and use them to reward bobby after cleaning the room.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Continuous use of negative reinforcement over a long period of time would lead to Bobby developing an attitude towards cleaning his room. Thus positive reinforcement could be applied. For reinforcement to be effective both method should be used concurrently. Fixed ratio schedule and variable ratio schedules can be used to implement and encourage bobby to always clean the room. Fixed ratio schedule will always reward bobby after a number of times he has cleaned the room. This method will give immediate positive responses from bobby but would be consuming for Mr. Kelly. Variable ratio schedule would award bobby after irregular intervals of response from him. This can be very effective to reinforce Bobby to clean the room because the reinforcement can come all through the first week and make the reluctance of cleaning the house an extinct behaviour.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I will apply the operant conditioning to account for Jackie’s development of the behaviour of phobia towards dogs. This is because the operant conditioning shows or explains why the organisms will acquire learned behaviour that they exhibit. The vital focus of operant conditioning is by use of reinforcements as punishments or reward so as to increase or decrease the likelihood of occurrence or repetition of certain behaviour (Staddon & Cerutti, 2003). In the case of Jackie, she received a negative reinforcement from the dog bite and hence the phobia towards dogs development. Also the stitches and the time that she spent on medication made her develop the negative attitude towards dogs. This is because, in operant conditioning, it is clear that continued use of negative reinforcement will lead to the victim developing an attitude towards that object or behaviour.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Some of the behaviour modification that could be designed to help Jackie to overturn the phobia that she has with dogs could be: Jackie could first of all spend time with her spouse with a company the trained dogs. This will help Jackie to see that dogs were not wild and they always do not bite any time you had an encounter with them. This will somehow help her reverse the phobia she had towards dogs and also help her see the positive side of the dogs. She should also be allowed to spend time with the trained dogs with the dogs being guided by the trainer to remain lively, obedient and helpful to Jackie. This will act as a positive reinforcement towards Jackie’s behaviour. She will slowly by slowly start liking dogs and hence they will have a happy life with her partner thereafter.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are two main principles of operant conditioning that are evident in the case of Emma. First by the parents trying to offer Emma some kind of reward, they are trying to positively reinforce the behaviour of cleaning her room and toys through the principle of positive reinforcement. Also through putting her out, they are applying the principle of positive punishment by trying to add something bad so that she cannot repeat the same mistake.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Operant conditioning theory could be applied in this case to correct Emma’s behaviour through application of the four main principles of operant conditioning. The parents could apply the principle of negative punishment which is to take something good away so as to decrease certain behaviour. Through application of this principle, they could cut away buying of toys to Emma so that she could be reinforced to clean the room. Also through negative reinforcement principle, which is taking something bad so as to reinforce behaviour could be applied by Emma’s parents. They could stop putting her in time any time that she cleans her room so that she can be reinforced to always clean her room and toys.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Extinction of behaviour in operant conditioning theory can be defined as the disappearance of previously learned behaviour if the behaviour is not reinforced (Hunt et al, 2008). As we have earlier said, reinforcement is the necessity for learning and in which certain behaviour grows. It is either a means to encourage or discourage certain behaviour (Olson & Hergenhahn, 2013). For instance, the Emma is conditioned to the behaviour that when she screams hard and through the toys away, her parents will collect them and clean them up for her. If the parents stopped this behaviour, Emma could not adopt this behaviour because it will lack reinforcement and slowly it will cease and become extinct. References Hunt, Elgin F. and Colander, David C. (2008). Social Science, An Introduction to the Study of Society. Olson, M. H. & Hergenhahn, B. R. (2013). An introduction to theories of learning (9th ed.). Upper Saddle; River, NJ: Pearson. Staddon, J. E. R., & Cerutti, D. T. (2003). Operant conditioning. Annual Review of Psychology, 54, 115-44. Source document

Should Cell Phones Be Used As An Educational Tool

She was so frustrated about school. How was she supposed to complete three hours of homework in one day?And just thinking about it was daunting. There were so many thoughts going through her head. Some were about her grades, and some were about the advanced algebra on her homework. Little did she know, her solution to her math problems was not just a number- it was also the small device in her pocket. It was her cell phone. Her cell phone was always a useful tool to her. She used it for calling, studying, and even entertainment, but she realized that it can be used as a learning resource in every classroom. Her school has a no cell phone policy, but if she were to persuade her school, she can get an exception to almost any rule. All she needs to do in order to make this idea a reality is share this with her school. Also, the sophomore Harshini Rampersaud says that â€Å"cell phones can definitely be used as an educational tool.† this statement is logical because there are many ways cell phones are fantastic learning tools. One way it can be a decent learning tool is that there are great apps that are only available for cell phones to download. For example,â€Å"Brain Tuner† and â€Å"Formulas† are apps only available on cell phones and are great for studying math. Also, cell phones are great for assignments outside of school. Many students can use their cell phones for their homework, studying, and checking emails put out by the teacher (or emailing the teacher) every day. In addition, aShow MoreRelatedProhibiting Cell Phones in College Classes1401 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelopments; the use of cellular phones is triggering a lot of debate in universities all over the United States. 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